{
  "title": "2025 average-worker annual wages: hourly equivalents",
  "checked_date": "2026-10-18",
  "publication": "OECD Taxing Wages 2026",
  "definition": "Derived standardized gross hourly equivalents, not observed hourly wages; PPP dollars are not market-exchange-rate USD.",
  "scope": "Nine selected countries; not a world ranking. China excluded from comparable OECD ranking.",
  "method": "Annual wage / (40 hours per week * 52 paid weeks)",
  "china": {
    "year": 2025,
    "private_units_annual_cny": 71590,
    "non_private_units_annual_cny": 129441,
    "source": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html",
    "rank": null
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 1,
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "iso": "CH",
      "currency": "CHF",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 100715,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 106532,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 48.420673,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 51.217308,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 2,
      "country": "Germany",
      "iso": "DE",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 66700,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 93985,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 32.067308,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 45.185096,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 3,
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "iso": "GB",
      "currency": "GBP",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 55983,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 82329,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 26.914904,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 39.58125,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 4,
      "country": "Canada",
      "iso": "CA",
      "currency": "CAD",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 92401,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 81745,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 44.423558,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 39.300481,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 5,
      "country": "Australia",
      "iso": "AU",
      "currency": "AUD",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 108674,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 78815,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 52.247115,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 37.891827,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 6,
      "country": "United States",
      "iso": "US",
      "currency": "USD",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 73520,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 73520,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 35.346154,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 35.346154,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 7,
      "country": "France",
      "iso": "FR",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 45964,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 67273,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 22.098077,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 32.342788,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 8,
      "country": "Japan",
      "iso": "JP",
      "currency": "JPY",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 5703038,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 59729,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 2741.845192,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 28.715865,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "rank_within_selection": 9,
      "country": "Spain",
      "iso": "ES",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "annual_gross_local": 32678,
      "annual_gross_usd_ppp": 57517,
      "hours_per_week": 40,
      "paid_weeks": 52,
      "annual_hours": 2080,
      "hourly_equivalent_local": 15.710577,
      "hourly_equivalent_usd_ppp": 27.652404,
      "status": "OECD Secretariat estimate",
      "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "checked_date": "2026-10-18"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "oecd",
      "name": "OECD, Taxing Wages 2026 — Overview, Tables 1.3 and 1.7",
      "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/overview_d93131c3.html",
      "note": "2025 estimated gross annual average-worker wages; local currency and USD purchasing-power parity (PPP)."
    },
    {
      "id": "method",
      "name": "OECD, Taxing Wages 2026 — Methodology and limitations",
      "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/taxing-wages-2026_3a5169ef-en/full-report/methodology-and-limitations_f25b8cbc.html",
      "note": "Population, industry coverage and country-specific differences."
    },
    {
      "id": "ilo",
      "name": "ILOSTAT — Wages and working time: concepts and definitions",
      "url": "https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/description-wages-and-working-time-statistics/",
      "note": "Gross earnings, hours and comparability."
    },
    {
      "id": "bls",
      "name": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2025, Table 1",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/ocwage.pdf",
      "note": "All occupations: mean USD 33.54/hour; median USD 24.51/hour."
    },
    {
      "id": "ons",
      "name": "UK Office for National Statistics, Employee earnings in the UK: 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/bulletins/annualsurveyofhoursandearnings/2025",
      "note": "April 2025 full-time median hourly earnings excluding overtime: GBP 19.67."
    },
    {
      "id": "abs",
      "name": "Australian Bureau of Statistics, Employee earnings, August 2025",
      "url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-working-conditions/employee-earnings/aug-2025",
      "note": "Median hourly earnings in main job: AUD 42.90."
    },
    {
      "id": "mhlw",
      "name": "Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Basic Survey on Wage Structure 2025, Table 11",
      "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/itiran/roudou/chingin/kouzou/z2025/dl/14.pdf",
      "note": "Short-time workers: mean scheduled hourly wage JPY 1,518. Not an all-worker mean or minimum wage."
    },
    {
      "id": "nbs",
      "name": "National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2025 urban-unit annual average wages",
      "url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html",
      "note": "Urban private units CNY 71,590/year; urban non-private units CNY 129,441/year. Excludes self-employed and freelancers."
    },
    {
      "id": "fso",
      "name": "Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Swiss Earnings Structure Survey 2024",
      "url": "https://www.geo.admin.ch/en/newnsb/CzozNgBTCJOrNyvwsItyp",
      "note": "Full-time standardized median monthly gross wage: CHF 7,024. Reference year 2024."
    },
    {
      "id": "ppp",
      "name": "OECD — Purchasing Power Parities",
      "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/purchasing-power-parities.html",
      "note": "Price-level-adjusted comparisons; PPP dollars are not foreign-exchange dollars."
    }
  ]
}